It was also controversial since Kuhn challenged the accepted theories of science of the time. It had a profound impact on the history and philosophy of science (and also brought the term “paradigm shift” into common use). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions became an influential and widely read book of the 1960s and sold more than a million copies. Well known examples of paradigm shifts are the change from classical mechanics to relativistic mechanics, and the shift from classical statistic to big data analytics. Khun also maintained that the new and old paradigms were ‘incommensurable’ and thus could not be compared. ![]() A paradigm shift occurs when the scientific community adopts the new paradigm, which leads to the beginning of the new period of normal science. If the failure is perceived as serious and persistent, a crisis can arise, culminating in revolutionary changes of theory. Khun believed that normal science can be interrupted by periods of revolutionary science when old scientific theory and method fail to address the problem or explain new phenomena, or when anomalies occur to undermine the existing theory. He used the term “normal science” to describe scientific research that operates in accordance with the dominant paradigm. He argued that science does not progress in a linear and consistent fashion via an accumulation of knowledge, but proceeds within a scientific paradigm – a set of fundamental theoretical assumptions that guides the direction of inquiry, determines the standard of truth and defines a scientific discipline at any particular period of time. In The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Kuhn challenged the prevailing philosophical views of the logical empiricists about the development of scientific knowledge and introduced the notion of the scientific paradigm. Rockefeller Professor of Philosophy and History of Science. Subsequently he taught at the University of California at Berkeley, then at Princeton University, and finally at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) where from 1982 until the end of his academic career in 1991 he was the Laurance S. From 1948 until 1956, Kuhn taught a course in the history of science at Harvard. This experience allowed Kuhn to switch from physics to the study of the history and philosophy of science. Conant, who designed and taught the general education history of science courses. While completing his PhD, he worked as a teaching assistant for Harvard President James B. He obtained his Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, and PhD in physics from Harvard University. ![]() Kuhn was born in in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of Samuel Lewis Kuhn, an industrial engineer, and Minette Stroock Kuhn. He is widely considered one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century. Kuhn (1922–1996) was an American historian and philosopher of science best-known for his book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), which influenced social sciences and theories of knowledge.
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